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Application of proteomics in environmental science

Xiaona CHU, Jiangyong HU, Say Leong ONG,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 393-403 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0145-x

摘要： Proteomics involves the separation of proteins, identification of the amino acid sequence of the interested or target proteins, study of the function of the proteins, modification, structure and ultimate assignments to functional pathways in the cell. The proteomic investigations have contributed greatly to human diseases studies, new drugs discovery researches, and environmental science in recent years. This article provides a review on the development of the main proteomic technologies, including both the gel based and non-gel based technologies, and their applications in environmental science. Proteomic technologies have been utilized in the environmental stresses studies to analyze the induction or reduction of proteins at expression level and identify the target proteins to investigate their function in response to environmental stresses, such as high or low pH, oxidation stress, and toxic chemicals. Such protein responses are also helpful to understand the mechanisms of some cellular activities and the functions of some proteins.

关键词： proteomics     environmental stress     two dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis     mass spectrometry    

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过氧化氢作为环境胁迫指标在植被管理中的应用 Article

Takashi Asaeda, Senavirathna Mudalige Don Hiranya Jayasanka, Li-Ping Xia, Abner Barnuevo

《工程（英文）》 2018年 第4卷 第5期   页码 610-616 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.09.001

摘要：

适应性植被管理非常耗时，其需要长时间的野外监测以获取可靠的数据。目前适应性植被管理手段虽已被广泛应用，但在进行栖息地状况评估时，仍然依赖于长时间的野外观测。目前的植被相关研究中，活性氧类（ROS）已经被视为一种环境胁迫指标。在这些ROS中，过氧化氢（H2O2）相对稳定，并且可以被准确、方便地量化。植物中H2O2含量可以被用作岸生和水生植被管理过程的胁迫指标，同时可以用来评估栖息地中单一植物物种的生长状况。本研究证明了植被管理中应用H2O2作为定量化环境胁迫指标的可行性。在实验室和野外（日本的真嗣湖、沙巴河、伊诺河和海河）条件下，分别开展了不同胁迫程度下大型水生植物和岸生植物生成H2O2情况的研究，结果表明H2O2可以作为环境管理中的胁迫指标。

关键词： 大型植物     河岸边区域     环境梯度     胁迫指标     活性氧类     过氧化氢    

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EFFECTS OF TRANSPORT STRESS ON THE INTESTINES INVOLVING NEURONAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》   页码 285-295 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022469

摘要：

● Transport stress declined the level of leukocytes including lymphocytes in rat serum.

关键词： intestine     nNOS     nNOS-positive neurons     transport stress    

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An overview of the environmental finance policies in China: retrofitting an integrated mechanism forenvironmental management

LI Wei,HU Mengze

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 316-328 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0625-5

摘要： Considering the significant roles of the policies in developing environmental finance, an overview is conducted on the environmental finance policies (EFPs) in China. This paper analyzed the definition, scope, evolution and main instruments of EFPs. The implementation progress of financial activities on each instrument are investigated respectively. Then the experiences learned from and failures discovered in the development of the EFPs are discussed well recommendations for further improvement of the EFPs and their implementation are provided. Our study found that the EFPs have been established in China after a four-phase evolution since the early 1980s. The policies have played a critical role in leading to a rapid development in environmental finance by involving more financial instruments to accomplish the objective-led environmental plans. Driven by the policies, the new green credit (GC), green security (GS), and green insurance (GI) instruments have been phased in as supplements to the conventional command and control approaches to improve the environmental governance of financial activities and pollution sources. However, the market mechanism of financial institution is limited due to their defensive and incapable performance on implementation some of EFP instruments. To further strengthen the effectiveness of EFPs in facilitating environmental management, recommendations are made mainly on the aspects including developing more specific policy guidelines, enhancing information sharing and disclosure, providing sufficient economic incentives, establishing environmental liabilities with financial activities, and involving issues related to climate change, and biodiversity and ecosystem service.

关键词： environmental finance policy     integrated mechanism     phased evolution     implementation progress     financial institution     environmental management    

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Analysis on annealing-induced stress of blind-via TSV using FEM

Jie SHAO, Tielin SHI, Li DU, Lei SU, Xiangning LU, Guanglan LIAO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第13卷 第3期   页码 401-410 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0457-7

摘要：

Copper-filled through silicon via (TSV) is a promising material owing to its application in high-density three-dimensional (3D) packaging. However, in TSV manufacturing, thermo-mechanical stress is induced during the annealing process, often causing reliability issues. In this paper, the finite element method is employed to investigate the impacts of via shape and SiO2 liner uniformity on the thermo-mechanical properties of copper-filled blind-via TSV after annealing. Top interface stress analysis on the TSV structure shows that the curvature of via openings releases stress concentration that leads to ~60 MPa decrease of normal stresses, sxx and syy, in copper and ~70 MPa decrease sxx of in silicon. Meanwhile, the vertical interface analysis shows that annealing-induced stress at the SiO2/Si interface depends heavily on SiO2 uniformity. By increasing the thickness of SiO2 linear, the stress at the vertical interface can be significantly reduced. Thus, process optimization to reduce the annealing-induced stress becomes feasible. The results of this study help us gain a better understanding of the thermo-mechanical behavior of the annealed TSV in 3D packaging.

关键词： through silicon via (TSV)     annealing-induced stress     interface stress     plastic deformation     finite element method    

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An investigation on stress distribution effect on multi- piezoelectric energy harvesters

Hailu YANG, Dongwei CAO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 301-307 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0404-z

摘要： With the fast development of piezoelectric materials and due to its green and renewable characteristics, the piezoelectric energy harvesting technology has been paid more and more attention by pavement engineers. The stress distribution will significantly affect the piezoelectric material performance. In this paper, the effects of multiple piezoelectric elements on the generation of electrical energy and output power are studied. In the case of constant external load, the number of the piezoelectric units does not necessarily produce more energy. When the same multi piezoelectric units work together, if the stress state of the piezoelectric units is different, the total output energy affected by the connection mode. For uneven stress distribution, the optimal output mode is that each of the piezoelectric units rectified before connected in parallel.

关键词： piezoelectric transducer     uneven stress     impedance matching     optimal energy output    

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The formation mechanism and the influence factor of residual stress in machining

null

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第9卷 第3期   页码 265-269 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0311-0

摘要：

Residual stresses generated in cutting process have important influences on workpiece performance. The paper presents a method of theoretical analysis in order to explicate the formation mechanism of residual stresses in cutting. An important conclusion is drawn that the accumulated plastic strain is the main factor which determines the nature and the magnitude of surface residual stresses in the workpiece. On the basis of the analytical model for residual stress, a series of simulations for residual stress prediction during cutting AISI 1045 steel are implemented in order to obtain the influences of cutting speed, depth of cut and tool edge radius on surface residual stress in the workpiece. And these influences are explained from the perspective of formation mechanism of residual stress in cutting. The conclusions have good applicability and can be used to guide the parameters selection in actual production.

关键词： residual stress     analytical model     strain     plastic     cutting parameter    

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石化特种设备中的硫化氢应力腐蚀与残余应力

张亦良,徐金泉,王羽辞

《中国工程科学》 2009年 第11卷 第8期   页码 38-43

摘要：

针对石化特种设备中硫化氢（H2S）应力腐蚀问题现状，综合比较了国际权威机构NACE，EFC以及ISO发布的最新标准、规范，对H2S应力腐蚀的环境界定、试验方法、影响因素、应力腐蚀评价准则及对材料的要求等做了扼要的综述。同时对焊接残余应力的产生、测定方法、消除措施等进行了论述，列举了实际参与研究的发生应力腐蚀容器的实例及残余应力的影响。

关键词： H2S应力腐蚀     规范指南     评价准则     焊接残余应力    

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Magnetostriction varieties and stress relief caused by pulsed magnetic field

Zhipeng CAI, Xinjie DUAN, Jian LIN, Haiyan ZHAO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第6卷 第3期   页码 354-358 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0123-4

摘要：

Magnetostriction is investigated to evaluate the stress relief caused by pulsed magnetic field treatment, because this physical property is closely associated with residual stress. Magnetostriction of different stressed samples is measured in this paper. The stress variations caused by pulsed magnetic treatment are also compared. It is found that magnetostriction variations are closely associated with stress changes. Thermodynamic potential is used to find the relationship between them. Based on several assumptions, we find that the product of magnetostriction amplitude and stress magnitude is nearly a constant during magnetic field treatment, which is valuable for stress relief evaluation and optimizing processing parameters. This conclusion is testified by stress measurements, and the calculated values are in accordance with the experiment results.

关键词： magnetostriction     pulsed magnetic field treatment     stress relief    

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Elastic modulus and thermal stress in coating during heat cycling with different substrate shapes

Daniel GAONA,Alfredo VALAREZO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第10卷 第3期   页码 294-300 doi: 10.1007/s11465-015-0351-0

摘要：

The elastic modulus of a deposit (Ed) can be obtained by monitoring the temperature (?T) and curvature (?k) of a one-side coated long plate, namely, a one-dimensional (1D) deformation model. The aim of this research is to design an experimental setup that proves whether a 1D deformation model can be scaled for complex geometries. The setup includes a laser displacement sensor mounted on a robotic arm capable of scanning a specimen surface and measuring its deformation. The reproducibility of the results is verified by comparing the present results with Stony Brook University Laboratory’s results. The ?k-?T slope error is less than 8%, and the Ed estimation error is close to 2%. These values reveal the repeatability of the experiments. Several samples fabricated with aluminum as the substrate and 100MXC nanowire (Fe and Cr alloy) as the deposit are analyzed and compared with those in finite element (FE) simulations. The linear elastic behavior of 1D (flat long plate) and 2D (squared plate) specimens during heating/cooling cycles is demonstrated by the high linearity of all ?k-?T curves (over 97%). The Ed values are approximately equal for 1D and 2D analyses, with a median of 96 GPa and standard deviation of 2 GPa. The correspondence between the experimental and simulated results for the 1D and 2D specimens reveals that deformation and thermal stress in coated specimens can be predicted regardless of specimen geometry through FE modeling and by using the experimental value of Ed. An example of a turbine-blade-shaped substrate is presented to validate the approach.

关键词： in-plane     Young’s modulus     curvature temperature     thermal stress     coating    

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Parametric equations for notch stress concentration factors of rib–deck welds under bending loading

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 595-608 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0720-1

摘要： The effective notch stress approach for evaluating the fatigue strength of rib–deck welds requires notch stress concentration factors obtained from complex finite element analysis. To improve the efficiency of the approach, the notch stress concentration factors for three typical fatigue-cracking modes (i.e., root–toe, root–deck, and toe–deck cracking modes) were thoroughly investigated in this study. First, we developed a model for investigating the effective notch stress in rib–deck welds. Then, we performed a parametric analysis to investigate the effects of multiple geometric parameters of a rib–deck weld on the notch stress concentration factors. On this basis, the multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was performed to obtain the optimal regression functions for predicting the notch stress concentration factors. Finally, we employed the proposed formulas in a case study. The notch stress concentration factors estimated from the developed formulas show agree well with the finite element analysis results. The results of the case study demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of the proposed formulas. It also shows that the fatigue design curve of FAT225 seems to be conservative for evaluating the fatigue strength of rib–deck welds.

关键词： notch stress concentration factor     rib–deck weld     parametric analysis     regression analysis     parametric equation    

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Trends of environmental accidents and impact factors in China

Pengli XUE, Weihua ZENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 266-276 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0267-1

摘要： An overview of the spatial and temporal variations of the environmental accidents in China in recent years was presented in this paper using available data. The results showed that the frequency of pollution accidents was significantly decreased, from 3462 in 1990 to 462 in 2007. The water and air pollution accidents were found to be the dominant types, accounting for more than 80% of the total accidents. Considering the classification of environmental accidents at 4 scales, the general environmental accident, i.e., the least serious type, was the most frequent event, taking up 58.98% of the total pollution accidents. In addition, the distribution of environmental accidents was generally in accordance with the industrial layout in the country during the past decade. It is very important to note that the extraordinarily severe environmental accidents showed an increasing trend in underdeveloped regions, which was caused by the transfer and the development of heavy polluted industry in these areas. As to the losses of environmental accidents, the casualties presented an obvious reduction tendency, while the direct economic loss per accident tended to climb up. Furthermore, some key factors that affect the spatial and temporal tendencies of environmental accidents in China were discussed and some suggestions were put forward, hoping to shed light on environmental risk management and emergency plans making associated with environmental accidents in China.

关键词： environmental accidents     spatial and temporal trends     environmental risk    

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Why does environmental compliance cost more than penalty?—A legal analysis on environmental acts of enterprises in China

DONG Hongwei

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第4期   页码 434-442 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0069-2

摘要： In the environmental protection field of China, due to lower law-breaking cost but higher law-abiding cost , it is a common case that the enterprise chooses to break through the law on purpose. The punishment to the unlawful pr

关键词： law-abiding     punishment     environmental protection     law-breaking     enterprise    

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Influence of advanced engineering measures on displacement and stress field of surrounding rock in tunnels

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0966-x

摘要： Based on significant improvements in engineering materials, three advanced engineering measures have been proposed—super anchor cables, high-strength concrete anti-fault caverns, and grouting modification using high-strength concrete-to resist fault dislocation in the surrounding rock near tunnels crossing active strike-slip faults. Moreover, single- or multiple-joint advanced engineering measures form the local rock mass-anti-fault (LRAF) method. A numerical method was used to investigate the influence of LRAF methods on the stress and displacement fields of the surrounding rock, and the anti-fault effect was evaluated. Finally, the mechanism of action of the anchor cable was verified using a three-dimensional numerical model. The numerical results indicated that the anchor cable and grouting modification reduced the displacement gradient of the local surrounding rock near the tunnels crossing fault. Furthermore, anchor cable and grouting modifications changed the stress field of the rock mass in the modified area. The tensile stress field of the rock mass in the modified anchor cable area was converted into a compressive stress field. The stress field in the modified grouting area changed from shear stress in the fault slip direction to tensile stress in the axial tunnel direction. The anti-fault cavern resisted the dislocation displacement and reduced the maximum dislocation magnitude, displacement gradient, and shear stress. Among the three advanced engineering measures, the anchor cable was the core of the three advanced engineering measures. An anchor cable, combined with other LRAF measures, can form an artificial safety island at the cross-fault position of the rock mass to protect the tunnel. The research results provide a new supporting idea for the surrounding rock of tunnels crossing active strike-slip faults.

关键词： anti-fault effect     engineering measures     LRAF method     stress and displacement field     tunnel-crossing active faults    

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Improved analytical model for residual stress prediction in orthogonal cutting

null

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第9卷 第3期   页码 249-256 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0310-1

摘要：

The analytical model of residual stress in orthogonal cutting proposed by Jiann is an important tool for residual stress prediction in orthogonal cutting. In application of the model, a problem of low precision of the surface residual stress prediction is found. By theoretical analysis, several shortages of Jiann’s model are picked out, including: inappropriate boundary conditions, unreasonable calculation method of thermal stress, ignorance of stress constraint and cyclic loading algorithm. These shortages may directly lead to the low precision of the surface residual stress prediction. To eliminate these shortages and make the prediction more accurate, an improved model is proposed. In this model, a new contact boundary condition between tool and workpiece is used to make it in accord with the real cutting process; an improved calculation method of thermal stress is adopted; a stress constraint is added according to the volume-constancy of plastic deformation; and the accumulative effect of the stresses during cyclic loading is considered. At last, an experiment for measuring residual stress in cutting AISI 1045 steel is conducted. Also, Jiann’s model and the improved model are simulated under the same conditions with cutting experiment. The comparisons show that the surface residual stresses predicted by the improved model is closer to the experimental results than the results predicted by Jiann’s model.

关键词： residual stress     analytical model     orthogonal cutting     cutting force     cutting temperature    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Application of proteomics in environmental science

Xiaona CHU, Jiangyong HU, Say Leong ONG,

期刊论文

过氧化氢作为环境胁迫指标在植被管理中的应用

Takashi Asaeda, Senavirathna Mudalige Don Hiranya Jayasanka, Li-Ping Xia, Abner Barnuevo

期刊论文

EFFECTS OF TRANSPORT STRESS ON THE INTESTINES INVOLVING NEURONAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE

期刊论文

An overview of the environmental finance policies in China: retrofitting an integrated mechanism forenvironmental management

LI Wei,HU Mengze

期刊论文

Analysis on annealing-induced stress of blind-via TSV using FEM

Jie SHAO, Tielin SHI, Li DU, Lei SU, Xiangning LU, Guanglan LIAO

期刊论文

An investigation on stress distribution effect on multi- piezoelectric energy harvesters

Hailu YANG, Dongwei CAO

期刊论文

The formation mechanism and the influence factor of residual stress in machining

null

期刊论文

石化特种设备中的硫化氢应力腐蚀与残余应力

张亦良,徐金泉,王羽辞

期刊论文

Magnetostriction varieties and stress relief caused by pulsed magnetic field

Zhipeng CAI, Xinjie DUAN, Jian LIN, Haiyan ZHAO

期刊论文

Elastic modulus and thermal stress in coating during heat cycling with different substrate shapes

Daniel GAONA,Alfredo VALAREZO

期刊论文

Parametric equations for notch stress concentration factors of rib–deck welds under bending loading

期刊论文

Trends of environmental accidents and impact factors in China

Pengli XUE, Weihua ZENG

期刊论文

Why does environmental compliance cost more than penalty?—A legal analysis on environmental acts of enterprises in China

DONG Hongwei

期刊论文

Influence of advanced engineering measures on displacement and stress field of surrounding rock in tunnels

期刊论文

Improved analytical model for residual stress prediction in orthogonal cutting

null

期刊论文